Johannes is a non-resident senior fellow in the Global Economy and Development Program at the Brookings Institution. He served at the World Bank from 1973 to 2003, holding roles such as Vice President for Financial Policy and Resource Mobilization, and Vice President for Europe and Central Asia. An Oxford (B.A., 1968) and Cornell (Ph.D., 1973) economist, he has published extensively on urban finance, development policy, and scaling interventions. He also holds leadership roles at the Emerging Markets Forum, 3ie, R4D, and co-chairs the Scaling Community of Practice.